6 Oz Cooked Ground Beef Nutrition
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on backside the emerald pall and the Technicolor gloss of an astonishing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the film, follow the xanthous brick slideshow to peek backside that curtain and learn more than about the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved film a timeless archetype.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of Fifty. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a office in the 1939 film adaptation. Hamilton chosen her agent to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her amanuensis famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a unmarried mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed work time. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a 5-week bargain. In the end, Hamilton was on prepare for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being also scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Expect Was More Movie Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't demand prosthetics or aluminum makeup, merely that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the sixteen-year-old Garland had to clothing a corset-like device so she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wearable a blonde wig and loads of "babe-doll" makeup (every bit any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character inverse. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Motion-picture show Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in blackness smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink beyond the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in contrary and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting concluded with the ominous "Or Die — Westward West Westward."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Really Unsafe
One of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical slumber-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connectedness than that.
All that magical snowfall? It'due south actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the cloth were known at the time, it was however Hollywood's preferred choice for faux snow. Our communication to Dorothy? Don't catch whatsoever snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the cease, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Tin Homo'due south aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was better than Ebsen's, he notwithstanding had some issues. The Scarecrow'south makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven blueprint that mimicked the await of burlap. Later on the movie wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'due south face that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Fix
In a outburst of flames and red fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may accept instilled more fearfulness for Hamilton. On the first have, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor too early on.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor equally planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared upwards. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and face up. To brand matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an even more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flight Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch'southward legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost equally scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thank you to the magic of pianoforte wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few anxiety to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cutting down on human marionettes), filmmakers fabricated miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was About on the Cutting Room Flooring
To no i'due south surprise, the American Motion-picture show Plant ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you lot? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was almost cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM idea the vocal fabricated the Kansas scenes as well long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the vocal'due south meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'southward bawling reprise of the song was left on the cut room flooring.
The Tin Human being Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Residuum Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a ninety-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have information technology easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and easily to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and so stiff that he had to lean against a board to balance properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Human being Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was bandage equally the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. Yet, Ebsen's new character, the Tin can Man, caused him a globe of issues. Namely, the character'south silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To brand matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), but didn't explicate why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't announced in the final film, his vocals can be heard in "Nosotros're Off to See the Magician."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-human foot long stocking fabricated of muslin. The special effects team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted properties, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale firm, which falls from the heaven and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers and so reversed the footage to go far wait like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upwardly Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an result in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, phonation of the titular character in Walt Disney'southward Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937), fabricated $970 for her functioning. The film went on to make roughly $8 1000000.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a calendar week — but information technology nonetheless didn't reflect the film's success. Fifty-fifty more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $l per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the canis familiaris earned $125 per calendar week as Toto. A existent yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the actual king of beasts used in the studio'south title card — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing animal, the costume section fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from real panthera leo pare. However, the arc lights used on set fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character'due south fretfulness. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the side by side day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The flick started shooting in October of 1938 merely didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwardly an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'southward nearly $50 meg adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie simply earned $iii million at the box role — nigh $51.viii million by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, call back that Disney fabricated $8 million with Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937). The Magician of Oz'southward modest success in the U.S. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the film's returns.
The Nighttime Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was merely 16 years sometime when she was cast equally Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to help them sleep later on studios shot them up with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her petty more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and craven soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Sorcerer of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated picture show Snowfall White and the 7 Dwarfs (1937) became a boom-striking. Not only did the film revolutionize the animation manufacture, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — so the most successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM endemic the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin can Man's "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Red Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about two,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'southward National Museum of American History. Since the brandish is then heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota'due south Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only Ane Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your archetype chance story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas farm to some other world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to send audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the picture is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A 2d Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is ane of the most beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously non a huge fan of special effects and tin oft be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin can Man spouts out all of that steam.
Later on one of the Witch'southward guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through ii doubles to notice 1 that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was and so addicted of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her graphic symbol was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years later the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'south costume to show kids information technology was brand-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her nearly the graphic symbol.
According to Hamilton, the and then-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a distressing, lonely figure. In brusk, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly plenty, the Broadway musical Wicked besides takes this approach to the Witch'south grapheme.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a unlike color" was made possible thank you to a surprising food particular…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move speedily — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet care for. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was one time endemic by President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Actress Easily
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in lodge to give life to this fantasy film. To go on up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to go far earlier 5:00 in the morning — six days a week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Oft Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The moving-picture show is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film'south lines on the list.
"Pay no attending to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "At that place'south no place similar home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling nosotros're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'southward Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a unlike colour" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the immature daughter'southward feet. Nonetheless, burn down strikes the Witch's easily, repelling her. This "burn down" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up prune to make it expect more than flame-similar.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and function trouble-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the gear up up to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look all-time on motion picture, especially in colorized form. For example, the white part of Dorothy's dress is actually pinkish — merely considering it filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited about? It's really chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More than Than One Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the W's beef with Dorothy is that the immature girl dropped a firm on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the E, who was the curt-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the Westward and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she as well plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her chamber window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the cerise slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer fifty-fifty more noticeable.
The Film'south Running Fourth dimension Was Cutting Down Several Times
The first cut of the pic clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing past today'southward Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt information technology was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Afterwards cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the pic was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Human becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance also frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. But non everyone thought her operation was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the moving picture's starring foes were actually friends. Ane story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to clothing it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem every bit though the entire flick was shot in color. Was this washed deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical faux pas?
Information technology's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to raise the surprise of the picture turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the fourth dimension of the flick's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding acceptance to this theory.
1 of History'southward Most-Watched Films
Although The Sorcerer of Oz proved pop in theaters, some other film released the aforementioned year, as well directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box part. (You may have heard of that trivial film — information technology'south chosen Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM's musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in role to re-releases.
The moving picture was starting time broadcast on television on November three, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Magician of Oz is one of the 10 most-watched feature-length movies in motion-picture show history, largely due to the number of annual tv screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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